NSW's coastline is renowned for its spectacular natural beauty, rich biodiversity, and world-class surf breaks. Beneath the waves, coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, and seaweed-dominated rocky reefs support an incredible diversity of marine life, from tiny invertebrates to iconic species like dolphins, turtles and fish. These ecosystems are not only critical for marine biodiversity, but also underpin recreational activities such as surfing, diving, and fishing, as well as local economies reliant on tourism and sustainable fisheries.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), including sanctuary zones like Aquatic Reserves, play a central role in safeguarding these ecosystems. Sanctuary zones, where no extractive activities (including fishing) are permitted, are particularly important for allowing habitats to recover and thrive. Despite this, many sanctuary zones in NSW are small, fragmented, or inadequately enforced, leaving critical areas of the coast exposed to ongoing threats and impacts.